用户管理
非 sudo 用户
xxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported
解决办法:
-
使用
visudo
编辑 sudo 配置文件 -
找到该行:
root ALL=(ALL) ALL
-
在改行下插入新行, 为指定用户授予权限:
xxx ALL=(ALL) ALL
-
保存并退出即可生效
软件使用
链接失效
too many levels of symbolic links
解决办法:建立链接时请使用绝对路径。
软件配置
Apt 软件源
Ubuntu
-
备份
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
-
修改软件源文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
-
修改内容为:
###### Ali source 20190909 ###### deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse #################################
-
试试是否生效,试试就逝世
apt-get update
CentOS
-
改名备份原源文件
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
-
下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
# CentOS 5 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo # CentOS 6 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo # CentOS 7 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
-
生成缓存,试试是否生效,试试就逝世
yum makecache
SSH
安装和启用
-
安装 openssh-server
sudo yum install openssh-server
-
配置 openssh,编辑:
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
,开启以下配置:Port 22 ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 ListenAddress :: PermitRootLogin yes PasswordAuthentication yes
-
启动 ssh 服务
sudo service sshd start # 查看是否开启 pe -ef | grep sshd # 查看端口是否开启 netstat -an | grep 22
开启 RSA 私钥登录
-
打开 RSA 登录功能,编辑
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
:RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes
-
在目标主机处生成密钥对
默认生成路径:
~/.ssh
,默认生成文件:公钥id_rsa.pub
,私钥id_rsa
ssh-keygen cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys chmod 700 ~/.ssh sudo service sshd restart
-
在远程终端处配置
拉取私钥
scp $USER@$HOST:~/.ssh/id_rsa ~/.ssh/id_rsa
创建/编辑配置:
~/.ssh/config
,示例:Host zohar HostName 192.168.44.134 User zohar StrictHostKeyChecking no IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
-
登录测试
ssh zohar PS C:\Users\TopOn\.ssh> ssh zohar Last login: Sun Apr 26 14:47:52 2020 from 192.168.44.1 [zohar@localhost ~]$
关闭/开启图形界面
CentOS 7
CentOS7 用 target
取代了运行级别的概念,使用以下命令开关图形界面:
# 查看当前配置
sudo systemctl get-default
# 配置多用户命令行模式
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
# 配置图形界面模式
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
卸载图形界面
// X window
sudo yum groupremove "X Window System"
// GNOME
sudo yum groupremove "GNOME"
sudo yum groupremove "GNOME Desktop Enviroment"
// KDE
sudo yum groupremove "KDE"